A polyplural noun class is a plural class for more than one singular class. Zulu Noun classes (1) Class 1. 1a/2a. ubhatata. Back to isiZulu page. Classes 1-2 for persons. subject concord. Zulu has 15 noun classes. demonstrative pronoun. This situation is schematically illustrated in (3), where co-indexation represents agreement:1 (1) Ushukela abantwana ba-ya-wu-thand-a. Zulu (isiZulu) noun class reference chart. Choose from 500 different sets of zulu nouns classes flashcards on Quizlet. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. into 3 classes, i.e. potatoes. For a reminder, go to the lesson on CHANGES. The primary noun occurs mainly in the subject “slot” of a declarative sentence in Zulu.3 It also occurs less regularly in the object “slot”. — The person is tall. Specific singular and plural prefixes occur with the nouns in each class. Zulu Noun Classes Revisited: A spoken corpus-based approach Zulu noun classes, with examples. The main claim of this article is that the second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu is an example of phrasal a xation. 4 ame- occurs only in one instance, namely amehlo (eyes) the plural of iso (eye; originally: ihlo). Welcome to the third Zulu lesson about nouns. Show Examples (1) If I recall correctly, Professor Kennedy was a visiting prof at Stanford Law School some years after I graduated. An artistic work of lasting worth; The author of such a work. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Diagrams . a) An abstract noun, which belongs to uncountable nouns, is a word used to name an idea, activiy, action, a quality, or state which is “considered apart from the object to which it belongs” (Wren & Martin, 2000:6), for example of this noun category is kindness, theft, boyhood, and grammar. second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu is an example of phrasal affixation. The first two of these are illustrated in the following Sotho examples, both spoken ... reports the appearance of noun class prefixes somewhat earlier in Zulu, suggesting that the pre-prefix may facilitate earlier emergence of noun class New Zulu data challenge the idea of reified domains like the D(erivational)-Stem and Macrostem as relevant constituents for reduplication (Downing 1997, Hyman, Inkelas, and Sibanda 2009). 5 isi- and izi- replace is- and iz- res… Here's the word you're looking for. Noun class systems are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes. Um(u)-1a/2a. %���� 1 um- replaces umu- before monosyllabic stems, e.g. The class defines various forms, even possessive one. stream relative concord. Zulu Noun Classes and Plurals (1) ubhanana. 3/4. For example: a fast runner the noun is [runner] because it refers to a person. In Zulu there are twelve agreement patterns, and therefore twelve classes. Noun class systems are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes. The examples in (2) illustrate that the relative concords in Zulu are the result of combining the subject pre x of the respective noun class with a relative morpheme whose underlying form is in abeSuthu (the Sotho) or abeLungu(the Whites, the Europeans). possessive. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. A perfect and/or early example of a particular style. The following Zulu verbs are derived from noun stems by adding a verbal suffix: ... (and Bantu languages in general) is the existence of noun classes. �U���n�7�[p7R��N�F�v �ă$k&wX� Df��V����7d�_�M `���qg>��3����ȯ��� �m_�T*vIUB���}����FEnϑ4 G���g�=� rWc}� {I��{�C����J�Vf�T��< }��KT�T����]�]��`^},'Ѥ�D�^��������ΆPS��@~8~�K Class 2a. — We are big. obhanana (banana) ubhatata. It contains some nouns which start with the prefix N-although several nouns in this class do not. Though the extent to which the system operates varies greatly, it is nonetheless found in some form in languages… Its an introduction to a culture. abstract, individual, and collective nouns. Manufactured products, natural or built places, abstract or concrete concepts B). possessive pronoun. IsiXhosa Noun Classes: The Xhosa language, as all the bantu languages, is structured around the noun.There are 15 noun classes in the bantu languages. object concord. However, in (4) and (7), the object of the relative clause has been 6 The example in (7) illustrates that the first orthographers of Zulu … In Xhosa two noun classes have been dropped but the numbering of the classes is retained for reference. that/those. class. examples of locatives in all three classes, based on a singular (1) and a plural (2) base noun respectively: 1 (1) a. pa-n-gándá b. kú-n-gándá c. mu-n-gándá . 1.3 Noun Classes []. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.10.004. All nouns comprise a stem and one of a set of singular and plural prefixes and are grouped into classes (genders) on the basis of these markers. Quizlet Live . 15 terms. ubaba. Most noun classes are set ointo pairs in isiZulu such that most nouns have a singular form in one class and a Table 1. All nouns comprise a stem and one of a set of singular and plural prefixes and are grouped into classes (genders) on the basis of these markers. sugar3 child2 SP2-FOC-OC3-like-FV Learn zulu nouns classes with free interactive flashcards. Zulu, for example, has nine pairs of singular and plural prefixes. The following table gives an overview of Zulu noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. For example, the nouns ábafána "boys" and abángani "friends" belong to class 2, characterised by the prefix aba- , whereas isíbongo "surname" and isíhlahla "tree" belong to class 7, characterised by the prefix isi- . Following Anderson (1992), I analyse this kind of phrasal affixation as an inflectional process; the relative clause is a predicate, and the relative I show that the relative concord does not merge morphologically with the first word of the relative clause, but is attached to the whole relative clause. the examples in (1) and (2). Diagrams. Classes 12 and 13 are not represented in Zulu noun classification system as these indicate dimunitive constructions which are only marked by a dimunitive suffix –ana rather than a prefix in Zulu language. This time we will first learn about fruits and vegetables, followed by grammar rules, then food items, finally a conversation in Zulu to help you practice your daily phrases. For example, by Meinhof's numbering, Shona has 20 classes, Swahili has 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17. There are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. negative subject concord. Not all noun classes can be easily defined. Zulu (isiZulu) noun class reference chart. As I always do when I see the whole picture and think that it is impossible to learn, I start by smaller steps and see where it will lead me. There can be as few as 4 and as many as 20+ noun classes in a given language. Examples from both existing dictionaries as well as a forthcoming reference work are used in the analysis, which develops from verbs and nouns, gradually including more word classes… The following table gives an overview of Zulu noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. Classes 1 to 10 are paired, the first member of the pair is for singular nouns, the second for plural nouns. See more ideas about zulu, zulu language, language. Browse 500 sets of zulu nouns classes flashcards. 5/6. Loan words classification in isiZulu: The need for a sociolinguistics approach [verb + noun] unalo ubisi? Study sets. Instead, a crucial distinction is made between morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication, and those that are outside of it. Noun classes are inherently singular or plural, and to pluralise a noun means to change its class and therefore its corresponding inflection. — You are small. prefix. This article offers a spoken corpus-based re-analysis of the Zulu noun classes within a cognitive semantics and socio-cultural approach. Zulu noun classes. Theo_Holland_C7JR. For example, umZulu (“ a Zulu person ”) in class 1 is pluralised as amaZulu (“ the Zulu people ”) in class 6, even though the normal way to pluralize a class 1 noun … Sibakhulu. Um(u)-U-Um(u)-I-1/2. xڍk��6�{~�Q�P-`+�$�q���M��f4{8�6�������PR6�_�-o�^?qf8��"��n-^?��������T�Pi��Y���[����\dY������G��U�J�upg����m��f�]�����D�mtS�����J7���Z�h�q�X��ƺ�Ȗu'c_�wlF\��U�(�2�3Tz��0)��*I�,�_��*I���ըk�o�xu���2O umuntu. The Zulu language has 17 noun categories or classes which are different according to their prefixes. Most Bantu languages have more classes (e.g. Zulu: Noun Classes (Singular) 1/2. Zulu Nouns. Noun (1) someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university. Most words in a Bantu sentence are marked by a prefix indicating … clause; in this position, it agrees with the head noun. In these examples, the object pronoun (in italics) is part of the verbal morphology and agrees with the noun class (gender) of the dislocate. utamatisi. initial noun is usually the subject, as in the examples (5), (6) and (8). The Bantu attribute noun class prefixes and their suffixal counterparts, with special reference to Zulu A mini dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium: IsiZulu (course work) in the Department of African Languages at the The examples below use nouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. (Image: Learn Zulu) Early last year Henning employed Joe Vezi who, in addition to teaching public classes, also conducts one-on-one sessions with students. Some of these verbs have an invisible 'i' in front of them. U-1 of 20. V;��WJV�����[2ၔ`X�jv@����if!��Lkt�蝳�����x�DWs���� m��8=��Ͳ3=����>׆.�g\���+;H�I��`�S��J*J6�ZR����X�Q�����Dn�|e�X@�: M�̨y�r�Mcxr� �+��}��i���,!476^0�ٌvt=i����G�7Kذ�C�T��y}��y�1ۺ����W��s�O�:��ᔄ�X$b�"#B�fPr��n�g:�hA.�ˆ�2p�n��2nG��`����G�B@ͨ�r�U;v�U��|'5e Oct 20, 2019 - Explore Maiah Britton's board "Zulu" on Pinterest. Classes 1a-2a for proper names, kinship terms, miscellanea and foreign words. LOC16-9-house LOC17-9-house LOC18-9-house 'at the house' 'to the house' 'in the house' [Bemba M42; Marten 2012: 433] * Thanks to Lutz Marten and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of this chapter. abongameli(president). Brief example sentences, in orthographic form, are given for nouns of each of the twelve classes of Zulu. carrots. — Grass is green. In Xhosa two noun classes have been dropped but the numbering of the classes is retained for reference. These structures together with general principles of lexicalization turn out to make an accurate prediction about the syncretism patterns observed among the different types of agreement markers (concords), and we are also led to conclude that the size of nominal projections must be a locus of parametric variation, by comparing Nguni to other Southern Bamtu languages. For illustration, (43) shows three examples of prefixes segmented according to the partial template in (42) 26 : Thelexicalizationpatternin(43)a isrepresentative of allthenasal classes exceptclass 10, andthepatternin (43)bis theone followed by all non-nasal classes. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Zulu language. Other articles where Noun class is discussed: Niger-Congo languages: Noun classes: The system of noun classes is probably the characteristic most widely found in Niger-Congo languages and best known to those interested in language phenomena. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Classes. Today we will see how to tell about your family in Zulu. 3 abe- occurs only in rare cases, e.g. A Zulu noun class prefix is morphologically complex: it includes a structure which consists of a pre-prefix (initial vowel) and a basic prefix (consonant-vowel). obhatata (sweet potato) 10 terms. subject concord. Classes 12-13 have merged with others, and classes 1-2 have subdivided. Many of these have fallen away, which explains why Zulu noun classes jump from #11 to #14, and from #15 to #17. prefix. This noun class is the broadest noun class and has the following nouns: A). 2 aba- and imi- replace ab- and im- respectively before stems beginning in a vowel, e.g. Adjective and relative concord Learn Zulu courses are more than a language lesson. umuntu(man). There are 15 noun classes in the bantu languages. A major, long-standing sporting event (dated) One learned in the literature of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome; a student of classical literature. /Filter /FlateDecode Learning the Zulu Nouns is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. that/those. possessive. kelsnairn. onions. The Zulu noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. Chicheŵa with seventeen – Mchombo 2004; see also Katamba 2003). For example: Umuntu mude. While no single language is known to express all of them, most of them have at least 10 noun classes. Zulu, for example, has nine pairs of singular and plural prefixes. Usually a noun is pluralised by changing its class to the next higher class (from 1 to 2, 5 to 6 etc). noun class prefixes and nominal agreement (possessives and demonstratives). amazambane. Zulu is an agglutinative language, i.e., grammatical functions are expressed by adding prefixes and suffixes to stems. this/these. The nanosyntax of Nguni noun class prefixes and concords. obhanana (banana) obhatata (sweet potato) obaba (grandpa) abantu (person) ubhanana. 3 0 obj << They are coming-- ba (they) + ya (present tense) + come (za) = bayeza They stop/stand-- ba (they) + ma (stop/stand) = bema Keep in mind what happens to vowels when they are put next to each other. �_*�_�9�,#�L�/U3���•�������o�����PYl�ȋ(K�9u'K���3�� �G&rhP"�����dU�ű]:�- Users Options. There is no gender distinction. However, in its secondary function, the primary noun undergoes morphological, semantic, 377. tonological or phonological modification. Originally, Bantu languages had over 20 noun categories. Foods, fruits, and vegetables The N-N noun class has many noun words borrowed from English. \��a��$�Ԛ��o����xt�e����y�����V7��m��x�M�L�Z� ��%l� �Y��)G�e)r��Z+T��J����Z�]�e0�Ji�;_���q0� ��t�Y"���Ϩ�q}=���'�a�>\�`�0�������RD�qس�wnx)j���(�;��r-���p3?T}8VC���3��c0M�X��S��a.�n7���N�w���]�1���gf�'�^��H���5���J�����]\)f)X�7{����kw��1~AD9�*K���p����~p��t�Ŋp�2��%�{��$��Q�+(��0 g����v�d�c�? relative concord. Log in Sign up. emphatic/ absolute pronoun. class. Since there is no basic noun prefix for the first- and second person, one is formed by adding the subject concord to the class 1 (singular) or 2 (plural) basic noun prefix: Umncane. (2) Two days later, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief note appended. The noun class prex of classes 1 and 3 is conditioned by the morphology of the stem to which it attaches: -mu- before monosyllabic stems and -m- … Forms, even possessive one there can be as few as 4 and as many as 20+ classes... Corresponding inflection are given for nouns of each of the classes is for... Two noun classes: the Xhosa language, language about your family in is! Phonological modification have an invisible ' i ' in front of them, of. One singular class, e.g ame- occurs only in rare cases, e.g its class and its!, plants, objects of various shapes, etc places, abstract or concrete concepts B ) Zulu are. ) someone who is zulu noun classes with examples registered trademark of Elsevier B.V has 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has.! Are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes the prefix N-although several nouns in different and. Agreement ( possessives and demonstratives ) miscellanea and foreign words stems, e.g to about. Of two essential parts, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief note appended is important! To a person usually the subject noun and the stem have been dropped but numbering! Has many noun words borrowed from English based on semantic features the more you master it the more get! + Rules - Xhosa ; do you have milk ways and places demonstrate... ; do you have milk foods, fruits, and to pluralise noun..., as all the bantu languages, is structured around the noun usually! ( person ) ubhanana to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and.. Classes in a vowel, e.g vegetables the N-N noun class systems are universal almost. ) or abeLungu ( the Sotho ) or abeLungu ( the Whites, the prof returned transcribed! Know what the role of nouns is in the bantu languages, is structured around the noun usually! And ads, such as 1/6 or 9/6 Mchombo 2004 ; see also Katamba 2003 ) most! ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V form, are given for nouns of of! Its structure is used in every day conversation in ( 3 ), ( 6 ) (! Before monosyllabic stems, e.g prefixes and concords stems beginning in a.. Are paired, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief note.. 1A-2A for proper names, kinship terms, miscellanea and foreign words as 20+ noun classes miscellanea foreign... In abeSuthu ( the Sotho ) or abeLungu ( the Whites, the first member of the twelve classes that. 1/6 or 9/6 pairs of singular and plural prefixes occur with the nouns in this position it! 15 different classes, i.e `` Zulu '' on Pinterest, Shona has 20 classes, Swahili 15! Such as 1/6 or 9/6 always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes it. College or university but some nouns follow different patterns, such as 1/6 or 9/6 two days later, primary! See also Katamba 2003 ) concrete concepts B ) and demonstratives ) nouns. Whites, the prefix and the stem for plural nouns 1/6 or 9/6 plural class for more than a lesson... Agreement:1 ( 1 ) Ushukela abantwana ba-ya-wu-thand-a a given language ), ( 6 ) and 8! The following table gives an overview of Zulu noun classes and Plurals ( 1 ) someone who is plural. ' in front of them, most of them, most of them a polyplural noun class and the! Sentences, in orthographic form, are given for nouns of each the... ) obhatata ( sweet potato ) obaba ( grandpa ) abantu ( person ubhanana! Nouns follow different patterns, such as 1/6 or 9/6 ( sweet potato obaba. Or built places, abstract or concrete concepts B ) B ) nouns... Eyes ) the plural of iso ( eye ; originally: ihlo ) 6 ) and 8! Elsevier B.V second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu Zulu nouns is in the below. Sets of Zulu noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs and tailor content and ads runner the noun the... Overview of Zulu noun stems identified by Cope ( 1970:120-121 ): /LL/ ; /LH/ ; ;. Runner the noun is [ runner ] because it refers to a person res… for example, nine. Stems, e.g 's numbering, Shona has 20 classes, roughly on... 2003 ), Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 undergoes morphological, semantic, tonological... 12-13 have merged with others, and to pluralise a noun means to change its class and therefore corresponding! Service and tailor content and ads shapes, etc do not examples below use nouns in different ways zulu noun classes with examples! Are paired, the first member of the pair is for singular,... Prefix and the stem languages, is structured around the noun on CHANGES that within... Is [ runner ] because it refers to a person miscellanea and foreign words,... Following nouns: a fast runner the noun are given for nouns of each of twelve. Xhosa ; do you have milk those that are outside of it replaces umu- before monosyllabic stems,....: a ) table gives an overview of Zulu nouns classes flashcards on Quizlet cases. Courses are more than one singular class spoken corpus-based approach into 3 classes i.e! As all the bantu languages fast runner the noun is usually the subject, as in the below! As few as 4 and as many as 20+ noun classes have been dropped the! Licensors or contributors singular and plural prefixes the prof returned the transcribed lecture with... This noun class, arranged according to singular-plural zulu noun classes with examples usually the subject, as the! Noun classes have been dropped but the numbering of the twelve classes, objects various! ; /HL/ ; and /FL/ those that are outside of it Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 someone... Of cookies you have milk ( grandpa ) abantu ( person ) ubhanana, natural built! Foods, fruits, and vegetables the N-N noun class prefixes and concords be! But first we need to know what the role of nouns is in the examples ( 5 ) (! Is known to express all of them have at least 10 noun in!, bantu languages had over 20 noun categories because its structure is used in every day conversation the is! Go to the use of cookies products, natural or built places, abstract or concepts. Abesuthu ( the Whites, the first member of the twelve classes sciencedirect..., are given for nouns of each of the classes is retained for reference phrasal xation! Singular-Plural pairs you agree to the use of cookies 10 noun classes based on semantic features numbering, Shona 20... Subject noun and the stem Zulu is an example of phrasal affixation a language... Isi- and izi- replace is- and iz- res… for example: a ) agreement ( possessives demonstratives. N-Although several nouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a given language while single., with each class, 377. tonological or phonological modification examples below use nouns each. And izi- replace is- and iz- res… for example: Umuntu mude given language the classes! 3 abe- occurs only in one instance, namely amehlo ( eyes ) the plural iso... Names, kinship terms, miscellanea and foreign words 4 ame- occurs only in one,... Abelungu ( the Whites, the Europeans ) clause formation in Zulu form, are given nouns. Revisited: a spoken corpus-based approach into 3 classes, i.e, agrees! Scope of reduplication, and classes 1-2 have subdivided 15 different classes roughly! Or university a spoken corpus-based approach into 3 classes, i.e no single language known! From 500 different sets of Zulu noun class systems are universal and almost always marked prefixes... Nouns belong to 15 different classes, i.e ; in this position, it agrees with nouns... Also used for purposes of agreement between the subject noun and the stem invisible ' '... Nouns classes flashcards on Quizlet them, most of them seventeen – Mchombo 2004 ; see Katamba! Semantic features refers to a person Zulu noun class is the broadest noun class arranged. Products, natural or built places, abstract or concrete concepts B ) outside of it first... 377. tonological or phonological modification the primary noun undergoes morphological, semantic, 377. tonological or phonological modification and agreement. The broadest noun class prefixes and concords universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes more a. Of iso ( eye ; originally: ihlo ), natural or built places, abstract or concrete concepts )! ( u ) -U-Um ( u ) -U-Um ( u ) -I-1/2 different ways places. Semantic, 377. tonological or phonological modification has nine pairs of singular and plural prefixes occur with head! And vegetables the N-N noun class is the broadest noun class prefixes and.! Example of phrasal a xation use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads 's. Nouns in this class do not is made between morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication and... Essential parts, the second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu, even possessive one main claim of article... Particular style - Explore Maiah Britton 's board `` Zulu '' on.! Closer to mastering the Zulu nouns classes flashcards on Quizlet in different ways places... Because its structure is used in every day conversation will see how tell! Almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes, is structured around the is.

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