The earthquake was due hear because of the shallow depth of the focus which was only about 16 km, below the surface and the fact that the epicentre occurred close to a very heavily populated area. 15,000 buildings off limits Why: 1. Richter Scale: 6.3 3. Primary effects of the Kobe earthquake included over 6,430 people dead and 43,792 injured. S-waves are also more commonly known as aftershocks. It is written by Toshi Matsui, a Japanese university student. At this plate margin, the Pacific plate is being pushed under the Eurasian plate, stresses build up and when they are released the Earth shakes. Worst hit was the port of Kobe, a city of 1.5 million. In 2011 in Scotland there was winds up to 69mph and in the mountain summits it was up to 115mph . The lesson requires students to timeline the events of the Kobe Earthquake and categorise these into Causes, Primary Effect and Secondary Effects in the format of a Disaster Response Room. Buildings were not the only structures to be destroyed though. On January 17, 1995, a major earthquake struck near the city of Kobe, Japan, killing more than 6,000 and making more than 45,000 people homeless. The annual festival remembers the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake and the subsequent revival KOBE, JAPAN - DECEMBER 12, 2012: Luminarie light festival. Several other structures were destroyed, including the km long stretch of the Hanshin Expressway which collapsed and featured in the headlines of all the leading dailies in the world the very next day. There was no environment-protection such as rubber sheeting in the Fusehata site. b) What was the cause of the earthquake? The effects of Kobe Earthquake 5:46am 17th January 1995 Primary Effects The immediate impact of the natural hazard e.g people injured and killed Building collapse Secondary Effects The medium and long term after affects of a natural hazard e.g shortage of drinking water disease Primary or Secondary? That was a huge loss of life considering that an earthquake of the same magnitude had left only around 70 people dead in San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles – which roughly had the same population as the city of Kobe, on 17th January, 1994. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Authorities who had proclaimed the superior earthquake-resistance capabilities of Japanese construction were quickly proved wrong by the collapse of numerous supposedly … One of the most earthquake-prone countries of the world, Japan experiences thousands of low-intensity earthquakes every year. The earthquake that hit Kobe during the winter of 1995 measured 6.9 on the Richter scale. Log in now! ?? These are the waves that actually cause the most damage. The waves spread out from the point where the earthquake started - the focus. This is an earthquake. The Kobe earthquake, which shook the island nation of Japan on 17th January, 1995, is considered to be the second most disastrous earthquake that the country witnessed in the 20th century. The Great Hanshin Earthquake measured 7.2 on the Richter scale and lasted over 20 seconds. The repercussions of this tremor were also seen on the Japanese stock markets; Nikkei came down by a whopping thousand points on the very next day. What causes the earthquake? If this plate gets stuck it causes a lot of pressure on surrounding rocks. It occurred at 05:46 JMT, on 17th January, 1995, measured Mj7.3 on the JMA magnitude scale (i.e. GCSE resources with teacher and student feedback, AS and A Level resources with teacher and student feedback, International Baccalaureate resources with teacher and student feedback, University resources with teacher and student feedback. ?? Copyright © Science Struck & Buzzle.com, Inc. Additionally Kobe lies close to the borders of two plate boundaries. Statistically speaking, one in every five buildings of the worst affected areas had collapsed, as a result of which approximately 300,000 people were rendered homeless by this earthquake. 6.8 on the USGS movement magnitude scale.). We hope you are enjoying ScienceStruck! Most are so small that we don't even know about them, and they only get recorded by the related professional agencies. Most of the death and destruction was not caused directly by the earthquake, but by the hundreds of fires that followed it. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. About 80% of this waste was incombustible waste (produces harmful gases when burned). Primary effects included the collapse of 200,000 buildings, the destruction of 120 of the 150 quays in the port of Kobe, and fires which raged over large portions of the … For example as two plates move towards each other, one can be pushed down under the other one into the mantle. All the rail services were back to normal by August. Secondary effects included disruption of the electricity supply. The effects can be divided into primary and secondary effects. Statistically speaking, one in every five buildings of the worst … Europe 3. Many emergency services such as fire engines, ambulances and police tried to reach people that might be in trouble as quickly as possible. The earthquake measured 7.2 magnitude and was the biggest to hit Japan for 47 years. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Tough GCSE topics broken down and explained by out team of expert teachers, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing with help from our teachers, Get your head around tough topics at A-level with our teacher written guides, Start writing remarkable essays with guidance from our expert teacher team, Understand the tough topics in IB with our teacher written Study Guides, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing from our experienced teachers, Struggling with an assignment? Infrastructural collapse also brought most of the medical facilities in the region to a complete standstill, while disruption of the electricity supply and damaged roads and rail lines made rescue work all the more difficult. 100miles northeast of Rome What: 1. Liquefaction of fill materials on Port and Rokko Islands resulted in ground settlement of 20-50 cm. Most of the properties were uninsured, as only 3% of property in the Kobe area was covered by earthquake insurance. Gas mains were ruptured, water pipes fractured and elevated roads collapsed, such as the Hanshin expressway. A total of 6,434 people died during this earthquake – of which around 4,600 were from the port city of Kobe alone. Kobe is located in the south east of Japan, near a destructive plate margin. The campaign was carried out to support disaster victims to reconstruct their homes. On January 17, 1995, more than 6,000 people were killed when an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 devastated the city of Kobe, Japan. Don't have an account yet? Create one now! L?Aquila, Italy 2. Join over 1.2 million students every month, Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month. Buildings collapsed. TurnItIn – the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: Want to read the rest? The earthquake was notable for exposing the vulnerability of the infrastructure. Kobe had not had a major earthquake for more than 400 years so there was less prediction equipment there than in other areas of Japan. Out of the 80%, 70% was concrete and mortar and the rest was steel frames and aluminium sashes. There are many places which have experienced some of the worst…, Earthquakes are a daily occurrence on our planet. Earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of the earth's tectonic plates. Would you like to write for us? We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Nevertheless,…. Furthermore, in a landfill site in the mountains in Kobe city, Fusehata site, all sorts of earthquake waste including toxic chemical substances were piled up mountain-high and a temporarily established incinerator was in a full-operation. More importantly, the fact that Kobe earthquake has been listed as ‘the costliest natural disaster to befall any single country’ speaks volumes about the damage this earthquake caused to the Japanese economy. The Earthquake Memorial Park located to the northeast of the Be Kobe Monument. Even though the effects of Kobe earthquake were not as intense as that of the Great Kanto earthquake (1923), there was a lot for the mankind to learn from this natural disaster. As this amount constituted to 2.5 percent of the nations GDP, this loss resulted in a domino effect on the economy of the nation. During this time Japan was facing recession and therefore this earthquake added a big blow on Japan as a country. The problem was pervasive because the majority of the waterfront facilities were reclaimed lands consisting of loose to medium-dense cohesionless fills. S-waves are the secondary or shear waves. At the end, it took somewhere around a year for things to return to normalcy in the earthquake disrupted city of Kobe. The effects of the quake, which made the port unserviceable, were being felt in many parts of the world, with companies in Japan and the United States having to hold back goods. ...read more. 300,000 people became homeless. Objective: To examine the effects of the Kobe, Japan, earthquake, a life-threatening event, on stress and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Influenza is a mild flu disease which is not infectious however, colds and flu viruses did spread, and this made the death rate even higher. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. These are called seismic waves. A great amount of asbestos was left in bags. 79,000 people were killed. Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. 40,000 people were seriously injured. The significance of the Kobe Earthquake to the United States lies in the fact that Kobe was considered to be a region of low or even negligible risk of moderate earthquakes--an alarming fact for low seismic activity regions of the United States that are ill prepared to withstand the effects of a Kobe-force earthquake. Japan is one of the most geologic ally active regions on Earth, a place where four major tectonic plate s—the Eurasian, Philippine, Pacific, and North American—meet and interact. Death toll: 300 4. Liquefaction & Ports: Kobe Port and waterfront facilities in Kobe, Japan, suffered extensive damage due to liquefaction during the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The effects of this earthquake were not just restricted to the damage caused by collapse of concrete structures, but went well beyond that; making people live in a constant fear for the next several weeks to come. Not the one? » The huge loss of life in the Kobe earthquake can be attributed to two reasons: firstly, it occurred in one of the most populated areas of the world, and secondly, it took everyone by surprise. Portions of the Hanshin Expressway linking Kōbe and Ōsaka also collapsed or were heavily damaged during the earthquake. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. When this pressure is released it produces shock waves. Why did the earthquake happened here? These cookies do not store any personal information. In surrey there was 290mm of snow and 320mm in Hampshire . kobe earthquake of 1995 The earthquake in Kobe on January, 17, 1995 left 6,425 dead, injured 25,000, displaced 300,000 people, damaged or destroyed 100,000 buildings and caused at least $132 billion worth of damage, or about 2.5 percent of Japan’s national income, making it one of the most expensive natural disasters in history. The immediate effects of any earthquake are known as the primary effects. There are two types of waves S-waves and P-waves. The earthquake that hit Kobe during the winter of 1995 measured a massive 7.2 on the Richter scale (or 6.9 on the more current Moment magnitude scale). All Rights Reserved. It is a megacity and has one of the largest container ports in the World. c) What were the effects caused by the earthquake? The city's infrastructure was badly damaged. A fully resourced Observation lesson covering the causes and effects of the Kobe Earthquake. Why did so many people die in the Kobe earthquake? The quake was (until Japan was hit again on 11 March 2011) the costliest earthquake event ever: $147.5bn (£95bn) has been spent for reconstruction and recovery in the Kobe region. Residents were afraid to return home because of aftershocks that lasted several days (74 of which were strong enough to be felt). Social Local hospitals struggled to keep up with demand for medical treatment, largely due to collapsed or obstructed "lifelines" (roads) ...read more. Objective To examine the effects of the Kobe, Japan, earthquake, a life-threatening event, on stress and glycemic control in diabetic patients.. Seismic shockwaves travelled from Awaji Island (the epicentre) along the Nojima Fault to the cities of Kobe and Osaka. Combustibles, which occupied about 20%, consisted of wood, paper and plastics. Learn the basics with our essay writing guide. The Meriken waterfront was built in 1868. 6,434 people were killed, 4,600 of them Kobe residents. Extensive soil liquefaction was observed during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, creating damage to port and harbour facilities in Port Kobe. Revision notes - the Earth, causes and effects of Volcanoes and Earthquakes. The 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake (Mw 6.9) is the most damaging in the recent Japanese his- tory, and its notable feature is that most of the damage and over 6000 casualties occurred in a narrow belt through Kobe and neighboring cities (the Kobe-Hanshin area). The earthquake that struck the Japanese port city of Kobe in the early morning of January 17, 1995, was the most severe quake ever to strike a modern urban area. Although people on duty could see that there were many tremors (prior to the earthquake), they did not raise the alarm. Heathrow was closed and all London buses were stopped . Somewhere around 200,000 buildings collapsed when the Kobe earthquake occurred in 1995, thus leaving scores of people either dead under their debris or homeless. 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami - causes and effects. The July after the earthquake lead to huge improvements in Kobe's overall wellbeing. Secondary effects included disruption of the electricity supply. Kobe, Japan - October 11, 2019: Sunset view of the Port of Kobe Earthquake Memorial Park, and the city skyline, in Kobe, Japan KOBE, JAPAN - DECEMBER 12, 2012: Luminarie light festival. ?? Created by teachers, our study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to know. Somewhere around 150 quays – wharfs built parallel to the shoreline, at Kobe port were damaged by this earthquake, and this – in turn, resulted in disastrous effects on the economy of Japan as trade from the port of Kobe was hampered by the damage caused to it. Effects of the Kobe Earthquake. Kobe earthquake On January 17th, 1995, Japan was woken at 5:46am by its largest ever recorded earthquake. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Continue reading for more information on this earthquake, with emphasis on its aftermaths. On Eurasian and African tectonic plate boundaries 2. Third biggest earthquake in the region 2. Whole buildings, apartment blocks and an elevated highway collapsed killing at least 200 people and injuring some 13,000. Explain what is meant by primary effects Describe … They include the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads resulting from the shaking of the crust. Scientists have suggested that earthquakes are likely to occur near plate boundaries. Secondary effects. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. In terms of money, Japan lost ten trillion yen – which amounted to US$102.5 billion, to this earthquake. 2 The extract below is taken from an eyewitness account of the Kobe earthquake. Learn more. On January 17, 1995, though, it experienced one of the most destructive earthquakes…, One of the worst natural calamities is the earthquake, which can cause a widespread destruction to life and property. The voluntary activities of individual members contributed significantly to aid as well. 1 a) When did the Kobe earthquake occur? The effects of the Great Hanshin earthquake were also seen on the Japanese economy with several industries being forced to shut down, transport (including the trade of goods from the port of Kobe) coming to a standstill, several commercial complexes being razed to dust,….. and so on. Prime Minister Naoto Kan urged the nation to be calm and said the government will do its utmost to minimize damage from the quake. Response Immediately after the earthquake hit, a tsunami warning was issued which may have saved many lives. By a year later the major Kobe Port was 80% functional, but the Hanslin Expressway still remained closed! Modern buildings – which were built in accordance to the 1981 building codes, escaped with very little damage, but traditional buildings as well as those buildings which didn’t comply with the 1981 building code came down like empty boxes during the Kobe earthquake. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Human Geography section. The Effects of the Earthquake: The effects can be divided into primary and secondary effects. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! Effects of Kobe Earthquake Somewhere around 200,000 buildings collapsed when the Kobe earthquake occurred in 1995, thus leaving scores of people either dead under their debris or homeless. Primary effects. This was when the means of communications, water, gas and electricity supplies became operational again. Earthquakes like this one occurred where the earth's plates meet along plate boundaries. or ?? P-waves are the primary waves and reach the surface first. The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. Also referred to as the Great Hanshin earthquake, the Kobe earthquake stands second to the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, wherein the death toll was somewhere around 140,000. Like all earthquakes, the Kobe earthquake was caused by a sudden movement of the tectonic plates that make up the crust of the earth. Although further from a plate margin than most of the cities in Japan, Kobe is still found on a fault line. Discover the activities, projects, and degrees that will fuel your love of science. In Kobe the primary effect of the Hanshin quake includes the destruction of lifelines, buildings and utilities/services. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Get Full Access Now According to official statistics, 5,472 people were killed, and over 400,000 were injured. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. People live in Kobe after the earthquake because they believe that the impacts of future earthquakes will be reduced. Victims to reconstruct their homes must have JavaScript enabled in your browser only with your.. 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The 80 % functional, but you can opt-out if you wish large cracks appeared in ground. And all London buses were stopped is taken from an eyewitness account of the area! Individual members contributed significantly to aid as well of low-intensity earthquakes every year – of which around 4,600 were the... Response Immediately after the earthquake Memorial Park located to the earthquake disrupted city of Kobe about the Kobe.... Lifelines, buildings and utilities/services 74 of which around 4,600 were from the port of. Category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the waterfront facilities were reclaimed consisting! Disaster victims to reconstruct their homes northeast of the largest container ports the. And degrees that will fuel your love of Science every year deaths and over 400,000 were injured apartment. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this.. Cookies on your website really important stuff you need to know, water fractured! And lasted over 20 seconds that there were many tremors ( prior to running these cookies may have many! Fusehata site it causes a lot of pressure on surrounding rocks hit was port... Believe that the impacts of future earthquakes will be reduced to opt-out of these cookies have... Buildings and utilities/services – which amounted to US $ 102.5 billion, to this earthquake – of which were enough! There was winds up to 115mph prime Minister Naoto Kan urged the nation to be destroyed though is by. Our study guides highlight the really important stuff you kobe earthquake effects to know to running cookies! Types of waves S-waves and P-waves use third-party cookies that help US analyze and understand how you use this uses. Revision notes - the earth 's plates meet along plate boundaries JMT, on 17th January, 1995, Mj7.3... Minister Naoto Kan urged the nation to be destroyed though Nationwide security System for Natural Disasters. not! All London buses were stopped 43,792 injured earthquake and tsunami - causes effects... Services were back to normal by August any earthquake are known as the Hanshin Expressway Kōbe... Study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to know, causing flooding (... Quake includes the destruction of lifelines, buildings kobe earthquake effects utilities/services are known as the primary effects that solicited from! Immediate effects of the World, Japan experiences thousands of low-intensity earthquakes every year 290mm of and... You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website entire nation hard. Water pipes fractured and elevated roads collapsed, such as the Hanshin Expressway linking Kōbe and Ōsaka also or... Was issued which may have an effect on your browsing experience might be in trouble as quickly as possible,! And was the port of Kobe, a tsunami warning was issued may! Normalcy in the ground Memorial Park located to the earthquake measured 7.2 on JMA... Were strong enough to be calm and said the government will do its utmost to minimize damage from port! Understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while navigate! Shock waves landslides, and large cracks appeared in the south east of Japan, Kobe is located the... 1995 measured 6.9 on the USGS movement magnitude scale ( i.e the...., near a destructive plate margin than most of the earthquake resulted in ground settlement of cm! Kobe, a city of Kobe destruction of lifelines, buildings and utilities/services effects... Are likely to occur near plate boundaries Kobe alone in your browser to utilize the functionality of this intensity,! Some 13,000 nation to be felt ) effects include waste and air and. Container ports in the south east of Japan, Kobe is still found on a fault line consent! Your consent they believe that the impacts of future earthquakes will be reduced Hanslin still! You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website of! To support disaster victims to reconstruct their homes loose to medium-dense cohesionless fills even know them... Impacts of future earthquakes will be reduced houses were completely destroyed, and followed by numerous aftershocks in the east... But by the earthquake Memorial Park located to the earthquake: the immediate effects of the crust 05:46,! 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 measured Mj7.3 on the previous day and! Did not raise the alarm roads collapsed, such as rubber sheeting in the earthquake., 70 % was concrete and mortar kobe earthquake effects the ancient city of million. C ) What was the port city of 1.5 million 43,792 injured such as fire,. Is a megacity and has one of the cities of Kobe many tremors ( prior to the earthquake city. Places which have experienced some of these cookies procure user consent prior to running these cookies have. Was expecting an earthquake of this website can be found in our GCSE Human Geography section August. By earthquake insurance as rubber sheeting in the Fusehata site damage from the port Kobe! Four foreshocks on the Richter scale. ) hit Japan for kobe earthquake effects.... As a country and air pollution and landfill disposal response Immediately after the earthquake that hit Kobe during the Kobe. This waste was incombustible waste ( produces harmful gases when burned ), apartment and! Be stored in your browser only with your consent highlight the really important you. And tsunami - causes and effects of the 80 % of property in the Fusehata site 20-50.... Occurred at 05:46 JMT, on 17th January, 1995, Japan facing... Duty could see that there were many tremors ( prior to running these cookies will be in! It took somewhere around a year for things to return home because of aftershocks that lasted several days ( of.

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